UML 2.0 OCL Specification

CODEDRAGON Development/UML

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uml_2_ocl_final_adopted_specification.pdf


UML 2.0 OCL Specification

1 Scope ............................................................................................. 1

2 Conformance .................................................................................. 1

3 Normative References .................................................................... 2

4 Terms and Definitions ..................................................................... 2

5 Symbols .......................................................................................... 2

6 Additional Information ..................................................................... 2

6.1 Changes to Adopted OMG Specifications ........................................................... 2

6.2 Structure of the specification ............................................................................... 2

6.3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. 3

7 OCL Language Description ............................................................ 5

7.1 Why OCL? ........................................................................................................... 5

7.1.1 Where to Use OCL.................................................................................................. 5

7.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 6

7.2.1 Legend .................................................................................................................... 6

7.2.2 Example Class Diagram .......................................................................................... 6

7.3 Relation to the UML Metamodel .......................................................................... 7

7.3.1 Self .......................................................................................................................... 7

7.3.2 Specifying the UML context .................................................................................... 7

7.3.3 Invariants ................................................................................................................ 8

7.3.4 Pre- and Postconditions .......................................................................................... 8

7.3.5 Package Context..................................................................................................... 9

7.3.6 Operation Body Expression .................................................................................... 9

7.3.7 Initial and Derived Values ....................................................................................... 9

7.3.8 Other Types of Expressions .................................................................................. 10

7.4 Basic Values and Types .................................................................................... 10

7.4.1 Types from the UML Model ................................................................................... 11

7.4.2 Enumeration Types ............................................................................................... 11

7.4.3 Let Expressions ..................................................................................................... 11

7.4.4 Additional operations/attributes through «definition» expressions ........................ 11

7.4.5 Type Conformance ................................................................................................ 12

7.4.6 Re-typing or Casting ............................................................................................. 13

7.4.7 Precedence Rules ................................................................................................. 13

7.4.8 Use of Infix Operators ........................................................................................... 14

7.4.9 Keywords .............................................................................................................. 14

7.4.10 Comment ............................................................................................................. 14

7.5 Objects and Properties ...................................................................................... 15

7.5.1 Properties: Attributes ............................................................................................. 15

7.5.2 Properties: Operations .......................................................................................... 16

7.5.3 Properties: AssociationEnds and Navigation ....................................................... 17

ii OCL Adopted Specification

7.5.4 Navigation to Association Classes ........................................................................ 18

7.5.5 Navigation from Association Classes .................................................................... 19

7.5.6 Navigation through Qualified Associations ............................................................ 20

7.5.7 Using Pathnames for Packages ............................................................................ 20

7.5.8 Accessing overridden properties of supertypes .................................................... 20

7.5.9 Predefined properties on All Objects ..................................................................... 21

7.5.10 Features on Classes Themselves ....................................................................... 22

7.5.11 Collections ...........................................................................................................22

7.5.12 Collections of Collections .................................................................................... 23

7.5.13 Collection Type Hierarchy and Type Conformance Rules .................................. 23

7.5.14 Previous Values in Postconditions ...................................................................... 24

7.5.15 Tuples .................................................................................................................25

7.6 Collection Operations ........................................................................................ 25

7.6.1 Select and Reject Operations ............................................................................... 25

7.6.2 Collect Operation .................................................................................................. 27

7.6.3 ForAll Operation .................................................................................................... 28

7.6.4 Exists Operation .................................................................................................... 28

7.6.5 Iterate Operation ................................................................................................... 29

7.7 Messages in OCL .............................................................................................. 29

7.7.1 Calling operations and sending signals ................................................................. 29

7.7.2 Accessing result values ......................................................................................... 30

7.7.3 An example ........................................................................................................... 31

7.8 Resolving Properties ......................................................................................... 32

8 Abstract Syntax ............................................................................ 33

8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 33

8.2 The Types Package .......................................................................................... 33

8.2.1 Type Conformance ................................................................................................ 35

8.2.2 Well-formedness Rules for the Types Package .................................................... 38

8.3 The Expressions Package ................................................................................. 40

8.3.1 Expressions Core.................................................................................................. 40

8.3.2 Model PropertyCall Expressions ........................................................................... 44

8.3.3 If Expressions ........................................................................................................ 46

8.3.4 Message Expressions ........................................................................................... 46

8.3.5 Literal Expressions ................................................................................................ 48

8.3.6 Let expressions ..................................................................................................... 50

8.3.7 Well-formedness Rules ofthe Expressions package ............................................ 51

8.3.8 Additional Operations on UML metaclasses ......................................................... 56

8.3.9 Additional Operations on OCL metaclasses ......................................................... 58

8.3.10 Overview of class hierarchy of OCL Abstract Syntax metamodel ....................... 60

9 Concrete Syntax ........................................................................... 61

9.1 Structure of the Concrete Syntax ...................................................................... 61

9.2 A Note to Tool Builders ..................................................................................... 63

9.2.1 Parsing .................................................................................................................. 63

9.2.2 Visibility ................................................................................................................. 63

9.3 Concrete Syntax ................................................................................................ 63

9.3.1 Comments ............................................................................................................. 89

9.3.2 Operator Precedence ............................................................................................ 89

9.4 Environment definition ....................................................................................... 89

OCL Adopted Specification iii

9.4.1 Environment .......................................................................................................... 89

9.4.2 NamedElement ..................................................................................................... 91

9.4.3 Namespace ........................................................................................................... 92

9.5 Concrete to Abstract Syntax Mapping ............................................................... 92

9.6 Abstract Syntax to Concrete Syntax Mapping ................................................... 92

10Semantics Described using UML ................................................. 93

10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 93

10.2 The Values Package ....................................................................................... 94

10.2.1 Definitions of concepts for the Values package ................................................... 95

10.2.2 Well-formedness rules for the Values Package .................................................. 99

10.2.3 Additional operations for the Values Package .................................................. 100

10.2.4 Overview of the Values package ....................................................................... 101

10.3 The Evaluations Package ............................................................................. 102

10.3.1 Definitions of concepts for the Evaluations package ......................................... 103

10.3.2 Model PropertyCall Evaluations ........................................................................ 106

10.3.3 If Expression Evaluations .................................................................................. 107

10.3.4 Ocl Message Expression Evaluations ............................................................... 108

10.3.5 Literal Expression Evaluations .......................................................................... 109

10.3.6 Let expressions ................................................................................................. 111

10.3.7 Well-formedness Rules of the Evaluations package ......................................... 112

10.3.8 Overview of the Values package ....................................................................... 119

10.4 The AS-Domain-Mapping Package ............................................................... 120

10.4.1 Well-formedness rules for the AS-Domain-Mapping.type-value Package ........ 123

10.4.2 Additional operations for the AS-Domain-Mapping.type-value Package .......... 124

10.4.3 Well-formedness rules for the AS-Domain-Mapping.exp-eval Package ........... 124

11The OCL Standard Library ......................................................... 131

11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 131

11.2 The OclAny, OclVoid, andOclMessage types .............................................. 131

11.2.1 OclAny .............................................................................................................. 131

11.2.2 OclMessage ...................................................................................................... 132

11.2.3 OclVoid ............................................................................................................. 133

11.2.4 Operations and well-formedness rules .............................................................. 133

11.2.5 OclMessage ...................................................................................................... 134

11.2.6 OclVoid ............................................................................................................. 134

11.3 ModelElement types ...................................................................................... 134

11.3.1 OclModelElement .............................................................................................. 135

11.3.2 OclType ............................................................................................................. 135

11.3.3 OclState ............................................................................................................ 135

11.3.4 Operations and well-formedness rules .............................................................. 135

11.4 Primitive Types .............................................................................................. 136

11.4.1 Real ...................................................................................................................136

11.4.2 Integer ...............................................................................................................136

11.4.3 String .................................................................................................................136

11.4.4 Boolean ............................................................................................................. 136

11.5 Operations and well-formedness rules .......................................................... 136

11.5.1 Real ...................................................................................................................136

11.5.2 Integer ...............................................................................................................137

iv OCL Adopted Specification

11.5.3 String ................................................................................................................. 138

11.5.4 Boolean ............................................................................................................. 139

11.6 Collection-Related Types .............................................................................. 139

11.6.1 Collection .......................................................................................................... 140

11.6.2 Set ..................................................................................................................... 140

11.6.3 OrderedSet ........................................................................................................ 140

11.6.4 Bag .................................................................................................................... 140

11.6.5 Sequence .......................................................................................................... 140

11.7 Operations and well-formedness rules .......................................................... 140

11.7.1 Collection .......................................................................................................... 140

11.7.2 Set ..................................................................................................................... 141

11.7.3 OrderedSet ........................................................................................................ 143

11.7.4 Bag .................................................................................................................... 144

11.7.5 Sequence .......................................................................................................... 146

11.8 Predefined Iterator Expressions .................................................................... 149

11.8.1 Extending the standard library with iterator expressions ................................... 149

11.9 Mapping rules for predefined iterator expressions ........................................ 149

11.9.1 Collection .......................................................................................................... 149

11.9.2 Set ..................................................................................................................... 150

11.9.3 Bag .................................................................................................................... 151

11.9.4 Sequence .......................................................................................................... 152

12The Use of Ocl Expressions in UML Models .............................. 155

12.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 155

12.1.1 UML 2.0 Alignment ............................................................................................ 155

12.2 The ExpressionInOcl Type ............................................................................ 155

12.2.1 ExpressionInOcl ................................................................................................ 156

12.3 Well-formedness rules ................................................................................... 156

12.3.1 ExpressionInOcl ................................................................................................ 156

12.4 Standard placements of OCL Expressions ................................................... 157

12.4.1 How to extend the use of OCL at other places ................................................. 157

12.5 Definition ....................................................................................................... 157

12.5.1 Well-formedness rules ...................................................................................... 157

12.6 Invariant ......................................................................................................... 158

12.6.1 Well-formedness rules ...................................................................................... 158

12.7 Precondition .................................................................................................. 158

12.7.1 Well-formedness rules ...................................................................................... 159

12.8 Postcondition ................................................................................................. 159

12.8.1 Well-formedness rules ...................................................................................... 160

12.9 Initial value expression .................................................................................. 160

12.9.1 Well-formedness rules ...................................................................................... 160

12.10 Derived value expression ............................................................................ 161

12.11 Operation body expression ......................................................................... 161

12.12 Guard .......................................................................................................... 162

12.12.1 Well-formedness rules .................................................................................... 162

12.13 Concrete Syntax of Context Declarations ................................................... 163

12.13.1 packageDeclarationCS ................................................................................... 163

12.13.2 contextDeclarationCS ..................................................................................... 163

12.13.3 attrOrAssocContextCS .................................................................................... 164

OCL Adopted Specification v

12.13.4 initOrDerValueCS ............................................................................................ 164

12.13.5 classifierContextDeclCS .................................................................................. 164

12.13.6 invOrDefCS ..................................................................................................... 164

12.13.7 defExpressionCS ............................................................................................ 164

12.13.8 operationContextDeclCS ................................................................................. 164

12.13.9 prePostOrBodyDeclCS ................................................................................... 165

12.13.10 operationCS .................................................................................................. 165

12.13.11 parametersCS ............................................................................................... 165

13Alignment of OCL, UML and MOF Metamodels ........................ 167

13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 167

13.2 Use of the UML Metamodel .......................................................................... 167

13.3 Use of the OCL metamodel in the UML metamodel ..................................... 168

13.4 Wishlist .......................................................................................................... 169

Appendix A - Semantics ..................................................................A-1

Appendix B - Interchange Format ....................................................B-1

Index .....................................................................................................Index-1

 

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